Sea anemone - Actinaria

Anemone - Anemonia sulcata

Anemonia sulcata (Pennant, 1777), nota come capelli di Venere, è un celenterato antozoo della famiglia Actiniidae. Anemone Anemonia sulcata Celenterato antozoo cnidari cnidarians ...

Anemone Cilindrico - Cerianthus Membranaceus

Il Cerianthus membranaceus , l' anemone cilindrico o anemone tubolare colorato , è una specie di anemone di grandi dimensioni, tubiforme della famiglia dei Cerianthidae ...

Anemone grosso - Cribrinopsis crassa

L' Anemone grosso, Cribrinopsis crassa (Andrès, 1881) è un anemone di mare della famiglia Actiniidae, endemico del mar Mediterraneo. Cribrinopsis crassa Fat anemone Anemone grosso Actiniaria intotheblue.it ...

Anemone magnifica - Heteractis magnifica

Heteractis magnifica , noto anche come anemone magnifica o anemone Ritteri , è un anemone di mare appartenente alla famiglia Stichodactylidae originario dell’area Indo-Pacifica. ...

Beadlet Anemone - Actinia Equina

The beadlet anemone, Actinia equina, is a common sea anemone found on rocky shores around all coasts of theUnited Kingdom and Ireland. ...

Golden anemone - Condylactis aurantiaca

This anemone, Golden anemone or in a bad translation the sand actinia or sand anemone, is a species of anemone rather widespread in the Mediterranean Sea but difficult to meet since it populates almost exclusively sandy and gnarly ...

Trumpet anemone - Aiptasia mutabilis

Trumpet anemone (Aiptasia mutabilis Gravenhorst, 1831) is an antozoo belonging to the Aiptasiidae phylum cnidarians in the Mediterranean Sea ...

Tubular Anemone - Cerianthus membranaceus

Cerianthus membranaceus, the cylindrical anemone or colored tubular anemone, is a species of large, tubiform anemone of the Cerianthidae family. ...

Anemone di Mare Attinia Actiniaria Sea anemone intotheblue.it

Genepesca Timone Anemone – intotheblue.it

Sea anemones are a group of marine, predatory animals of the order Actiniaria. They are named after the anemone, a terrestrial flowering plant, because of the colourful appearance of many. Sea anemones are classified in the phylum Cnidaria, class Anthozoa, subclass Hexacorallia. As cnidarians, sea anemones are related to corals, jellyfish, tube-dwelling anemones, and Hydra. Unlike jellyfish, sea anemones do not have a medusa stage in their life cycle.

A typical sea anemone is a single polyp attached to a hard surface by its base, but some species live in soft sediment and a few float near the surface of the water. The polyp has a columnar trunk topped by an oral disc with a ring of tentacles and a central mouth. The tentacles can be retracted inside the body cavity or expanded to catch passing prey. They are armed with cnidocytes (stinging cells). In many species, additional nourishment comes from a symbiotic relationship with single-celled dinoflagellates, zooxanthellae or with green algae, zoochlorellae, that live within the cells. Some species of sea anemone live in association with hermit crabs, small fish or other animals to their mutual benefit.

cerianthus membranaceus white - intotheblue.it - anemone tubolare colorato - coloured tube anemone — cerianthus membranaceus white – intotheblue.it – anemone tubolare colorato – coloured tube anemone

Sea anemones breed by liberating sperm and eggs through the mouth into the sea. The resulting fertilized eggs develop into planula larvae which, after being planktonic for a while, settle on the seabed and develop directly into juvenile polyps. Sea anemones also breed asexually, by breaking in half or into smaller pieces which regenerate into polyps. Sea anemones are sometimes kept in reef aquariums; the global trade in marine ornamentals for this purpose is expanding and threatens sea anemone populations in some localities, as the trade depends on collection from the wild.

Description

The body, roughly cylindrical, has a very simple structure: it consists in fact of an external epithelial layer, called ectoderm or epidermis, and of an internal one, called endoderm or gastroderma. At the upper end of the body is the oral disk, flat and symmetrical. The mouth is surrounded by one or two crowns of tentacles, tapered, provided with nematocysts. The body rests on a pedal disk, which allows slow movements by creep.

Anemone – Anemonia sulcata – apnea intotheblue.it

Biology

They are mostly benthic animals; there are also some pelagic species, equipped with a chamber inside the pedal disk that allows them to move vertically in the water.

Supply They feed on invertebrates and small fish that they capture with tentacles with nematocysts.

Reproduction

Reproduction is both sexed by eggs and asexual by splitting.

Symbionts

The actinites frequently contract mutualism or commensalism with other animal organisms such as fish (typical example the clown fishes of the subfamily Amphiprioninae), crustaceans (eg the porcelain crab) or shrimps (eg the shrimps of the Palaemonidae family) . All these organisms, immune to the stinging stings of the nematocysts, find hospitality and protection among the tentacles of the actinias and, at least in some cases, reciprocate the hospitality by cleaning the anemone from organic debris and parasites.

Taxonomy

ordine Actiniaria
- sottordine Endocoelantheae Carlgren, 1925
  - famiglia Actinernidae Stephenson, 1922
  - famiglia Halcuriidae Carlgren, 1918
- sottordine Nynantheae Carlgren, 1899
  - infraordine Athenaria Carlgren, 1899
    - famiglia Andresiidae Stephenson, 1922
    - famiglia Andvakiidae Danielssen, 1890
    - famiglia Edwardsiidae Andres, 1881
    - famiglia Galatheanthemidae Carlgren, 1956
    - famiglia Halcampidae Andres, 1883
    - famiglia Halcampoididae Appellöf, 1896
    - famiglia Haliactiidae Carlgren, 1949
    - famiglia Haloclavidae Verrill, 1899
    - famiglia Limnactiniidae Carlgren, 1921
    - famiglia Octineonidae Fowler, 1894
    - famiglia Polyopidae Hertwig, 1882
  - infraordine Boloceroidaria Carlgren, 1924
    - famiglia Boloceroididae Carlgren, 1924
    - famiglia Nevadneidae Carlgren, 1925
  - infraordine Thenaria Carlgren, 1899
    - superfamiglia Acontiaria Stephenson, 1935
      - Acontiophoridae Carlgren, 1938
      - Aiptasiidae Carlgren, 1924
      - Aiptasiomorphidae Carlgren, 1949
      - Antipodactidae Rodríguez, López-González & Daly, 2009
      - Bathyphelliidae Carlgren, 1932
      - Diadumenidae Stephenson, 1920
      - Haliplanellidae Hand, 1956
      - Hormathiidae Carlgren, 1932
      - Isophelliidae Stephenson, 1935
      - Kadosactidae Riemann-Zürneck, 1991
      - Nemanthidae Carlgren, 1940
      - Sagartiidae Gosse, 1858
      - Sagartiomorphidae Carlgren, 1934
    - superfamiglia Endomyaria Stephenson, 1921
      - Actiniidae Rafinesque, 1815
      - Actinodendronidae Haddon, 1898
      - Aliciidae Duerden, 1895
      - Condylanthidae Stephenson, 1922
      - Homostichanthidae
      - Liponematidae Hertwig, 1882
      - Minyadidae Milne Edwards, 1857
      - Phymanthidae Andres, 1883
      - Stichodactylidae Andres, 1883
      - Thalassianthidae Milne Edwards, 1857
    - superfamiglia Mesomyaria Stephenson, 1921
      - Actinostolidae Carlgren, 1932
      - Exocoelactinidae Carlgren, 1925
      - Isanthidae Carlgren, 1938
- sottordine Protantheae Carlgren, 1891
  - famiglia Gonactiniidae Carlgren, 1893
- sottordine Ptychodacteae Stephenson, 1922
  - famiglia Preactiidae England, 1984
  - famiglia Ptychodactiidae Appellöf, 1893
- incertae sedis
  - famiglia Actinoscyphiidae Stephenson, 1920
  - famiglia Aurelianiidae
  - famiglia Capneidae Gosse, 1860
  - famiglia Iosactiidae Riemann-Zürneck, 1997
  - famiglia Metridiidae
  - famiglia Mimetriidae
  - genere Actinodactylus
  - genere Amphiactis
  - genere Anactis
  - genere Antheomorphe
  - genere Chermadion
  - genere Chitonanthus
  - genere Chrysoela
  - genere Cnidanthea
  - genere Corticifera
  - genere Helaria
  - genere Kalliphobe
  - genere Kodioides
  - genere Lepactis
  - genere Nemactis
  - genere Parastephanauge
  - genere Petalactis
  - genere Sarcophinanthus
  - genere Sicyopus
  - genere Siphonactinia
  - genere Spyractis
  - genere Stauractis
  - genere Tetractis
  - genere Thelactis
  - genere Tilesia